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Scientists from <a href="http://www.stanford.edu/" style="background-color: white; color: #132fbe; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;">Stanford University</a> and the U.S. Department of Energy’s <a href="http://www6.slac.stanford.edu/" style="background-color: white; color: #132fbe; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;">SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory</a> say they’ve developed an innovation that could lead to <a href="http://autocww2.colorado.edu/~toldy3/E64ContentFiles/Physics-Mechanics,Etc/ParticleAccelerators.html" style="background-color: white; color: #132fbe; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;">particle accelerators</a> the size of a computer chip, a development that could have far-reaching implications for science and medicine. 

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 <img alt="Particle accelerator on a nanostructured glass chip is smaller than a grain of rice. (Brad Plummer/Stanford University)" src="http://gdb.voanews.com/6934AC6D-2565-46B4-812E-F4B3C5FA8FC5_w640_r1_s.jpg" /> 
Particle accelerator on a nanostructured glass chip is smaller than a grain of rice. (Brad Plummer/Stanford University) 
 When many think about a particle accelerator device, they may think of units such as CERN’s <a href="http://home.web.cern.ch/about/accelerators/large-hadron-collider" style="background-color: white; color: #132fbe; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;">Large Hadron Collider (LHC)</a> in Switzerland. The LHC is enormous - a tunnel 27 kilometers in circumference sitting 175 meters underground. <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vnfv/ncurrent/full/nature12664.html#supplementary-information" style="background-color: white; color: #132fbe; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;">Writing in Nature</a>, the researchers said they used a laser rather than microwaves to accelerate electrons in a nanostructured glass chip smaller than a grain of rice. The scientists said they were able speed up those electrons at a rate 10 times higher than its possible using current conventional technology. "We still have a number of challenges before this technology becomes practical for real-world use, but eventually it would substantially reduce the size and cost of future <a href="http://www.egglescliffe.org.uk/physics/particles/newfolder/acc1.html" style="background-color: white; color: #132fbe; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;">high-energy particle colliders</a>for exploring the world of fundamental particles and forces," said Joel England, the SLAC physicist who led the experiments. The findings could lead to miniature, compact accelerators as well x-ray devices that could be used in a variety of applications such as security scanning, medical imaging for hospitals, materials science and biology research. The innovation could also lead to medical treatment such as <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473890/" style="background-color: white; color: #132fbe; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;">particle therapy</a> that uses accelerated protons, neutrons, or positive ions to treat cancer or improve medical care for people injured in combat. Not only would the new micro-accelerators be a lot smaller is size, said the scientists, the technology could also be cost effective since commercial lasers could be used and low-cost, mass-production techniques could be employed in building the units.  The researchers think their findings could make way for new generations of <a href="http://www.utexas.edu/news/2013/06/20/particle-accelerator-that-can-fit-on-a-tabletop-opens-new-chapter-for-science-research/" style="background-color: white; color: #132fbe; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;">"tabletop accelerators.”</a> However, the researchers have some fundamental issues they need to address first. <img alt="The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory's linear particle accelerator consists of 3.22 kilometers of copper cavities. (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)" border="0" class="photo" height="362" src="http://gdb.voanews.com/E17B69CD-1B0D-4E16-92AA-80A69BEACF1F_w268_r1.jpg" style="border: 0px none; display: block; margin: 10px 0px;" width="640" />The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory's linear particle accelerator consists of 3.22 kilometers of copper cavities. (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)  
In order to create a real tabletop accelerator, the scientists say they will first need to come up with a much more compact device to get those electrons up to light-speed before they enter a small accelerator. 

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To conduct their “accelerator-on-a-chip” experiments, the scientists first had to speed up electrons to near the<a href="http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_gp_sl.html" style="background-color: white; color: #132fbe; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;">speed of light</a> by using a conventional accelerator such as SLAC's 3.22 kilometer-long <a href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/gen/grad/GradHandbook/slac.html" style="background-color: white; color: #132fbe; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;">linear accelerator</a> in California.  After getting up to light-speed, the electrons were then focused into a tiny channel within a glass chip that’s only about a half-micron-high and a half millimeter long in size. 
 
 By Rick Pantaleo 
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New Research Could Lead to Particle Accelerator on a Chip

Scientists from Stanford University and the U.S. Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory say they’ve developed an in...

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RFID tracking system to replace license plate?

New Research Could Lead to Particle Accelerator on a Chip

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